Ulusi wa kaboni, womwe umadziwika kuti mfumu ya zida zatsopano m'zaka za zana la 21, ndi ngale yowala muzinthu. Mpweya wa carbon (CF) ndi mtundu wa ulusi wa inorganic wokhala ndi mpweya wopitilira 90%. Ulusi wa organic (viscose based, pitch based, polyacrylonitrile based fibers, etc.) ndi pyrolyzed ndi carbonized pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti apange carbon backbone.
Monga m'badwo watsopano wa fiber yolimbitsa, mpweya wa carbon uli ndi makina abwino kwambiri komanso mankhwala. Sizingokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a zida za kaboni, komanso kufewa komanso kusinthika kwa ulusi wa nsalu. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, zida zamagetsi, zoyendera, masewera ndi zosangalatsa
Kulemera kwapang'onopang'ono: monga chinthu chatsopano chochita bwino kwambiri, kachulukidwe ka kaboni fiber ndi wofanana ndi wa magnesium ndi beryllium, zosakwana 1/4 zachitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kaboni fiber composite ngati zinthu zomangika kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwake ndi 30% - 40%.
Mphamvu yapamwamba ndi modulus yapamwamba: mphamvu yeniyeni ya carbon fiber ndi nthawi 5 kuposa yachitsulo ndi nthawi 4 kuposa ya aluminium alloy; Modulus yeniyeni ndi 1.3-12.3 nthawi zazinthu zina zamapangidwe.
Kukula kocheperako pang'ono: kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe amitundu yambiri ya kaboni imakhala yoyipa kutentha firiji, 0 pa 200-400 ℃, ndi 1.5 yokha yosakwana 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, yosavuta kukulitsa ndi kupunduka chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri. kutentha.
Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamankhwala: mpweya wa kaboni umakhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri, ndipo kaboni ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokhazikika kwambiri zamakemikolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yokhazikika m'malo a asidi ndi alkali, omwe amatha kupangidwa kukhala mitundu yonse yamankhwala odana ndi dzimbiri.
Kukana kutopa kwamphamvu: kapangidwe ka kaboni fiber ndi kokhazikika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za netiweki ya polima, pambuyo pa milingo yambiri yoyeserera kutopa, mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya gululi ikadali 60%, pomwe chitsulo ndi 40%, aluminiyamu ndi 30%, ndipo pulasitiki yolimbitsa magalasi ndi 20 yokha. % - 25%.
Mpweya wa carbon fiber ndi kulimbitsanso kwa carbon fiber. Ngakhale ulusi wa kaboni ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha ndikuchita ntchito inayake, ndi chinthu chosasunthika pambuyo pake. Pokhapokha ataphatikizidwa ndi zinthu za matrix kuti apange kaboni fiber kompositi zimatha kupereka masewera abwino pamakina ake ndikunyamula katundu wambiri.
Ulusi wa kaboni ukhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana monga mtundu wa precursor, njira yopangira ndi magwiridwe antchito
Malinga ndi mtundu wa kalambulabwalo: polyacrylonitrile (Pan) zochokera, phula zochokera (isotropic, mesophase); Viscose maziko (ma cellulose base, rayon base). Pakati pawo, polyacrylonitrile (Pan) yochokera ku carbon fiber imatenga malo ambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zoposa 90% za carbon fiber, pamene viscose based carbon fiber imakhala yosakwana 1%.
Malinga ndi zinthu kupanga ndi njira: mpweya CHIKWANGWANI (800-1600 ℃), CHIKWANGWANI graphite (2000-3000 ℃), adamulowetsa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, nthunzi kukula mpweya CHIKWANGWANI.
Malinga ndi mawotchi, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri komanso yogwira ntchito kwambiri: mphamvu yamtundu wambiri wa kaboni fiber ndi za 1000MPa, ndipo modulus ili pafupi 100GPa; Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu amphamvu kwambiri (mphamvu 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba (modulus 300gpa kapena kuposa), yomwe mphamvu yaikulu kuposa 4000mpa imatchedwanso mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo modulus wamkulu kuposa 450gpa ndi amatchedwa ultra-high model.
Malinga ndi kukula kwa ng'anjo, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi chokoka chachikulu: chokoka pang'ono mpweya CHIKWANGWANI makamaka 1K, 3K ndi 6K pa siteji koyamba, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba 12K ndi 24K, amene makamaka ntchito zamlengalenga, masewera. ndi minda yopuma. Ulusi wa kaboni pamwamba pa 48K nthawi zambiri umatchedwa ma tow carbon fibers, kuphatikiza 48K, 60K, 80K, etc., omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale.
Kulimba kwamphamvu ndi ma tensile modulus ndi mindandanda iwiri yayikulu yowunika momwe mpweya wa kaboni umathandizira. Kutengera izi, China idalengeza mulingo wapadziko lonse wa PAN yochokera ku carbon fiber (GB / t26752-2011) mu 2011. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha mwayi wotsogola wa Toray pamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi a carbon fiber, opanga ambiri apakhomo amatengeranso mulingo wa Toray. monga chofotokozera.
1.2 zotchinga zazikulu zimabweretsa mtengo wowonjezera. Kuwongolera njira ndikuzindikira kupanga kwakukulu kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito
1.2.1 chotchinga luso la makampani ndi mkulu, kalambulabwalo kupanga ndi pachimake, ndi carbonization ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni mfungulo.
Kupanga kwa carbon fiber ndizovuta, zomwe zimafuna zipangizo zamakono ndi zamakono. Kuwongolera kulondola, kutentha ndi nthawi ya chiyanjano chilichonse chidzakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa mankhwala omaliza. Polyacrylonitrile mpweya CHIKWANGWANI chakhala ambiri ntchito ndi apamwamba linanena bungwe mpweya CHIKWANGWANI panopa chifukwa ndi yosavuta kukonzekera ndondomeko, mtengo wotsika kupanga ndi kutaya yabwino zinyalala zitatu. Zopangira zazikuluzikulu za propane zitha kupangidwa kuchokera kumafuta osakanizika, ndipo makina amakampani a PAN carbon fiber amaphatikiza kupanga kwathunthu kuchokera kumagetsi oyambira mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito terminal.
Pambuyo pokonzedwa kuchokera ku mafuta opangira mafuta, propylene inapezedwa mwa kusankha catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) ya propane;
Acrylonitrile anapezeka ndi ammoxidation wa propylene. Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) kalambulabwalo inapezedwa ndi polymerization ndi kupota kwa acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile ndi pre oxidized, carbonized pa otsika ndi kutentha kwambiri kupeza mpweya CHIKWANGWANI, amene angapangidwe kukhala mpweya CHIKWANGWANI nsalu ndi mpweya CHIKWANGWANI prepreg kwa kupanga carbon CHIKWANGWANI composites;
Mpweya wa kaboni umaphatikizidwa ndi utomoni, zoumba ndi zinthu zina kuti zipange kaboni fiber kompositi. Pomaliza, zopangira zomaliza zogwiritsira ntchito kumunsi zimapezedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoumba;
Ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a kalambulabwalo amatsimikizira mwachindunji ntchito yomaliza ya kaboni fiber. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera njira yozungulira komanso kukhathamiritsa zinthu zopangira kalambulabwalo kumakhala mfundo zazikuluzikulu pokonzekera mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa carbon.
Malinga ndi "Kafukufuku pakupanga kwa polyacrylonitrile yochokera ku carbon fiber precursor", njira yopota imaphatikizapo magulu atatu: kupota konyowa, kupota kouma ndi kupota konyowa. Pakalipano, kupota konyowa ndi kupukuta konyowa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga polyacrylonitrile precursor kunyumba ndi kunja, pakati pawo kupota konyowa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kuzungulira konyowa kumayamba kutulutsa njira yozungulira kuchokera pabowo la spinneret, ndipo njira yozungulira imalowa mu bafa ya coagulation mwa mawonekedwe akuyenda pang'ono. Makina ozungulira a polyacrylonitrile spinning solution ndikuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa DMSO mu njira yopota ndi kusamba kwamadzimadzi, komanso pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu coagulation bath ndi polyacrylonitrile solution. Pansi pa kuyanjana kwa mitundu iwiri ya ndende yomwe ili pamwambapa, madziwo amayamba kufalikira mbali ziwiri, ndipo pamapeto pake amalumikizana ndi ma filaments kudzera mukusamutsa kwa misa, kutengerapo kutentha, kuyenda kwa gawo ndi njira zina.
Popanga precursor, kuchuluka kotsalira kwa DMSO, kukula kwa fiber, mphamvu ya monofilament, modulus, elongation, mafuta okhutira ndi kuchepa kwa madzi otentha kumakhala zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa precursor. Kutengera kuchuluka kotsalira kwa DMSO mwachitsanzo, kumakhudza zomwe zimawoneka za kalambulabwalo, gawo lagawo ndi mtengo wa CV wa chinthu chomaliza cha kaboni fiber. Kutsika kotsalira kwa DMSO, kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yokwera. Popanga, DMSO imachotsedwa makamaka ndi kutsuka, kotero momwe mungayang'anire kutentha kwa kusamba, nthawi, kuchuluka kwa madzi osungunuka ndi kuchuluka kwa kusamba kumakhala kugwirizana kofunikira.
Wotsogola wapamwamba kwambiri wa polyacrylonitrile ayenera kukhala ndi izi: kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kristalo wapamwamba, mphamvu yoyenera, gawo lozungulira lozungulira, zofooka zochepa zakuthupi, zosalala komanso zofananira komanso mawonekedwe apakati pakhungu.
Kuwongolera kutentha kwa carbonization ndi oxidation ndikofunikira. Carbonization ndi oxidation ndi gawo lofunikira popanga zinthu zomaliza za kaboni fiber kuchokera koyambirira. Mu sitepe iyi, kulondola ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kuyenera kuwongoleredwa molondola, apo ayi, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya carbon fiber idzakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuchititsa kuti waya awonongeke.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): mu preoxidation ndondomeko, PAN kalambulabwalo pang'onopang'ono ndi pang'onopang'ono oxidation pogwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika kwina mu mlengalenga oxidizing, kupanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha mphete pamaziko a poto wowongoka unyolo, kuti kukwaniritsa cholinga chopirira chithandizo chapamwamba cha kutentha.
Carbonization (kutentha kwakukulu kosachepera 1000 ℃): njira ya carbonization iyenera kuchitidwa mumlengalenga. Kumayambiriro kwa carbonization, unyolo wa poto umasweka ndipo kusinthana kumayamba; Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa kutentha kumayamba kutulutsa mpweya wambiri wa molekyulu, ndipo mapangidwe a graphite amayamba kupanga; Pamene kutentha kunakula kwambiri, mpweya wa carbon unakula mofulumira ndipo mpweya wa carbon unayamba kupanga.
Graphitization (mankhwala kutentha pamwamba 2000 ℃): graphitization si ndondomeko zofunika kuti mpweya CHIKWANGWANI kupanga, koma ndondomeko optional. Ngati mkulu zotanuka modulus mpweya CHIKWANGWANI akuyembekezeka, graphitization chofunika; Ngati mphamvu ya carbon fiber ikuyembekezeredwa, graphitization sikofunikira. Mu ndondomeko ya graphitization, kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti fiber ikhale yopangidwa ndi graphite mesh, ndipo mawonekedwewo amaphatikizidwa ndi kujambula kuti apeze chomaliza.
Zotchinga zapamwamba zaukadaulo zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zakutsikirapo zikhale ndi mtengo wowonjezera, ndipo mtengo wamagulu a ndege ndi wokwera nthawi 200 kuposa wa silika wosaphika. Chifukwa chazovuta kwambiri za kukonzekera kwa carbon fiber ndi ndondomeko yovuta, pamene zinthu zomwe zili pansi pamtsinje zimakwera kwambiri. Makamaka apamwamba mapeto mpweya CHIKWANGWANI composites ntchito m'munda Zamlengalenga, chifukwa makasitomala kunsi kwa mtsinje ndi zofunika okhwima kwambiri pa kudalirika kwake ndi bata, mtengo mankhwala limasonyezanso geometric angapo kukula poyerekeza ndi wamba mpweya CHIKWANGWANI.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-22-2021